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Pregnancy Toxaemia in Goats
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disease that occurs during the last weeks of pregnancy. It is caused by insufficient energy intake of the doe to satisfy the energy requirement of the growing embryos. The goat is forced to metabilose her own fat deposits and muscle tissue. If the capacity of the liver to break down fatty acids and amino acids is overwhelmed, the fat will be stored in the liver, and the liver functions will be impaired. Furthermore, the liver will produce toxic ketones that are released into the blood, and the bicarbonate level in the blood will decrease, resulting in acidosis.
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Mortality is high (up to 85%) if pregnancy toxaemia is not treated. However, if the development of pregnancy toxaemia is early diagnosed, for example by measuring the ketone concentration in the urine of the goat using "Ketostix", and if the energy intake of an affected goat is supported by supplying her with glucose during the remaining days of pregnancy, the survival chance are excellent.
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Older, under-nourished or overfed goats are particularly at risk, especially if they have multiple foetuses. Initially they will still eat browsing and hay, but will increasingly refuses to eat concentrates. Later, they will stop eating altogether. Further symptoms are unwillingness to move, legs may swell, and separation from the herd, mild depression.
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